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Credit:  thoughtco.com Ethics (or Moral Philosophy) is concerned with how individuals should act, as well as the search for a definition of appropriate behavior (defined as that which results in the greatest good) and the good life (in the sense of a life worth living or a life that is satisfying or happy). The term "ethics" comes from the Greek word "ethos" (meaning "habit"). Ethics is distinct from morals and morality in that it refers to the notion of right action and the larger good, whereas morals refers to how it is carried out. Ethics comprises a person's entire moral ideals and practices, as well as their philosophy of life, and is not restricted to specific acts or stated moral rules. It raises questions like How should people act? (Normative ethics), What do people think is right? (Descriptive ethics), How do we put moral knowledge into practice? (Applied ethics), and What’s the meaning of right? (Meta ethics).  The term Hedon...

It is claimed that reasoning in the real world aids decision making and is geared towards accomplishing goals. There is a distinction made between two types of rationality. Image Credit:  https://library.neura.edu.au Rationality 1: Reasoning to attain one's goals under cognitive limits Rationality 2: Reasoning through a logical process The philosophical distinction between practical and theoretical reasoning is related to these two different meanings. Some psychological on deductive thinking is re-examined in this perspective, as it is argued that logical rationality does not provide a good basis for cognitive rationality. Reason, like consciousness, with which it is deeply connected, has long been seen as a unique human ability not found elsewhere in any species. Reason is the process by which humans gain understanding by combining sensory observations with concepts and linking them with previously learned knowledge. The process of assessing and managing ideas and fact...

PERCEPTION Perception is the cognitive process of converting sensations into useful information. It is the process of mentally evaluating something we see or hear in order to later judge and render a judgement on a situation, person, or a group. Perception can be categorized into five types; Visuals Sounds Smell Taste Touch Perception is a compelling interest and an area of thorough investigation. Imagine you are gazing at the outside through a window on a rainy day. Your perception, the way you see represents the outside as it is. The concept of rain is the way you perceive through your eyes, which is visual sense. Just like you see the white colored coffee mug on your table as white and the coffee in it as coffee itself, and you hear birds chirping through your ears is also a perception. There are three types of perception; Veridical perception Illusion Hallucination For example, let's take three average persons looking at a zebra in a zoo. First person sees the zebra as it is, w...

Deep philosophical questions will almost certainly never have a definitive answer. There are, however, obviously better and worse answers. With the help of philosophy, we can distinguish them. When someone gives reasons and logic to support a claim about a philosophical topic, your question should be “What are your arguments to support the above claim?” Once you’ve identified and argument, you may use these techniques to determine whether the argument is strong or weak, and whether the facts and reasoning back it up.  What is an Argument? In daily life situations, arguments can be seen as a quarrel between two or many parties. But in philosophy an argument is a group of statements based on logic and critical thinking, consisted of a conclusion and the rest of them are the premises or assumptions of the argument. The two main areas of a logically healthy argument are, Justification Explanation Justification is involving in developing logical reasons to a disputed claim. Justifying a...

The word philosophy is derived from the Greek term meaning "Love of Wisdom". Just as the meaning sounds, philosophy is all about seeking wisdom and understanding the basic fundamentals of our life and the universe. To be a student of philosophy, it requires questioning, logical reasoning, critical thinking, careful listening as well as understanding. From the definition of the meaning of philosophy itself, you might probably have an idea as to what Philosophy of Science is. It is a branch of philosophy that explains the fundamental methods and the applications of science. Even though its straightforward name, philosophy of science is continuously in search for answers to questions like, What is the law of nature? Is it wrong to use animals for scientific purposes? Are we the most predatory species in the whole universe? Is the universe a creation of god or the result of the Big Bang? IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE FOR A STUDENT There is a great number of articles that ca...